may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny."[2] The Constitution divided power in two ways: between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the federal government, and between the powers of the federal government and those "reserved to . Urban civic pride and the new localism may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny."[2] The Constitution divided power in two ways: between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the federal government, and between the powers of the federal government and those "reserved to . PDF A Level Geography - Edexcel 4 The definition of sustainable development. UI Press | Christopher Ali | Media Localism it is the opposite of globalization). MFM's Localism events are designed to offer members an opportunity for education and networking . It was a pity the NP had not had the courage of its convictions to call " localism " - a core element of its new policy unveiled on First, this is a government committed to local decision-making - " localism " - but it doesn't stop Eric Pickles and his ministerial team from making menacing interventions, warning councils not to do this or that. Neocolonialism, the control of less-developed countries by developed countries through indirect means. 48. How do we work out what . Localism definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary b : a local peculiarity of speaking or acting. Ethnic Neighborhood. "What appears is a kind of cosmopolitan localism (Sachs, 1998, Manzini, Vugliano, 2000, Manzini, Jegou, 2003), intended as the result of a particular condition characterised by the balance between being localised (rooted in a place and in the community related to that place), and open to global flows of ideas, information, people, things and money (Appandurai, 1990). Glocalisation - adapting a business to make it do well in a country e.g McRice Pros and Cons - Localism 0.0 / 5. When Localism isn't Liberalism - by Freddie Poser ... The word comes from an amalgamation of the words globalisation and localisation. from Brazil to EU) under Highly Skilled Migrants Programme (HSMP). n. a a form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area or by members of a particular social class or occupational group, distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Sentence: The Chinese moving to a Chinatown neighborhood is an example of neolocalism as they move in order to be in a more familiar regional location. Localism (politics) - Wikipedia Always look at product origin first if attempting to support local business. place-the specific geography of life-defines and is defined by its particular natural environment, culture, community, history and economy-none of which are replicable in a different location. Indeed, perhaps no characteristic of gun control in the United States is as "longstanding"7 as the everyone (but especially young people who are the most likely to rent . What Is a Global City? | Newgeography.com All rights reserved. Abstract This paper considers the political geography of localism and reviews the insights of geographers regarding localism and locality. Survival-inspired interest in localism has resonated with me especially since reading the fiction piece "Diary of an Interesting Year" by Helen Simpson, in the New Yorker's December 2009 issue, wherein a post-apocalyptic England sees a large number of deaths of -- chaos and anarchy aside -- women who weren't informed enough to carry out a home birth. Clone Town - a town is not significantly different from another (has same shops) Homogenised - to make uniform or similar. Definition: The seeking out of regional culture in response to uncertainty of the modern world. PDF Anti-politics in context: the politics of localism in ... A Level Geography resources for students and teachers. 2. The area where an idea or cultural trait originates. localism meaning: 1. the idea that people should have control over what happens in their local area, that local…. The politics of post-developmentalist expertise: progressive movements, strategic localism, and urban governance in Seoul. I chose North Devon because I couldn't find any studies on that area already - plus I know a few surfers from there which gave me a bit of a kickstart to my research. that he, the referee, wants a fair fight (i.e. It identifies three main approaches to locality in Human Geography. The referee is warning the "localism" boxer (!) Wanting to place it into a UK political context, we have what you might describe as 'culturally appropriated' the term. Localism is represented as a small, weak, surprised-looking boxer. Th e essay describes the need to participate in a global scale tourism A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. 0.0 / 5. So localism is likely to lead to unequal provision. It draws on academic research in law and geography to explore how 'the local' differs from local . The constituency, the group people affected by what and how much housing is built, is not limited to the people who already happen to live in the area but instead extends to people who participate in the UK property market - i.e. Mr. Kimbrough's AP Human Geography course Chapter 4: Culture. True localism is demanding. no cheating). TNC Case Study - Nike. Regionalism - loyalty to a distinct region. "Localism" concerns small-scale economy and participatory democracy (i.e. Glocalization: The adaptation of a global product for a local market place. Local groups and NGOs promote local sourcing ( Transition towns) as one response to globalisation by increasing sustainability (A: actions of local pressure groups); this has economic, social and environmental costs and benefits. Regionalism in architecture is about the context and customs of making buildings in a particular region. author's human geography textbook for use in AP Human Geography courses. Solovyov's account of the moral progress of humanity through globalization is rooted in the Russian idea of sobornost', which Christopher Marsh and Daniel P. Payne define as "the idea that human beings retain their freedom while participating in human society, and that human society is a participatory process through which human beings actualize themselves as unique hypostases [i.e. What is a defining feature for community is the direct and frequent contact between the members and the feeling of belonging and sharing. Once we accept this premise, however, the hard work begins. The different forms in which localism shapes government policy will then be identified. The key findings from the review point towards a lack of clarity and coherence in the literature in the usage and interpretations of the terms ‗localism' and ‗community . Request PDF | Populism, localism and the geography of democracy | This short intervention argues that mainstream politicians are increasingly adopting localism as a framework for public policy. Spain retirement migration Revision- AS geography. 2 Defining Localism: its history, drivers and various forms in the UK This section will begin with a brief overview of the history of localism in British Politics. Identify how each of the following plays a role in mapmaking: simplification, categorization, symbolization, induction. In Federalist 47, James Madison wrote: "The accumulation of powers legislative, executive, and judiciary in the same hands . Localism describes a range of political philosophies which prioritize the local. thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. 'the policy has exposed some of the limitations of localism at the community scale'. localisms synonyms, localisms pronunciation, localisms translation, English dictionary . 3. Globalization: The spread of economic, cultural and social ideas across the world. Endogenous factors are internal influences on the identity of a place. 4.0 / 5. From 2012-2014, I am working on an ESRC Fellowship on Localism, Law and Governance. b a form of a language that is considered inferior. Hierarchical Diffusion. Define "local." It may be surprising that local doesn't have a definition that everyone agrees about. Spain retirement migration Revision- AS geography. 2 : affection or partiality for a particular place : sectionalism. 1 Preference for one's own area or region, especially when this results in a limitation of outlook. Iain Bernhoft. This information should not be . . In geography, globalisation is a multi-strand process, and the complexity of the term means there have been many different attempts at a definition. Cumbria Floods - storm event - CASE STUDY. I'm studying Human Geography - so anything to do with how humans use their environment can relate . Define localisms. Localism definition: Localism is the belief that services should be controlled and provided, or goods produced. The best path toward enriching everyone is allowing everyone to trade with everyone else. Cumbria Floods - storm event - CASE STUDY. 4.0 / 5. There is reflexivity. . Localism and its discontents. The referee is warning the "localism" boxer (!) Geographical studies of sports are not new. Forests are one natural resource that sustainability groups are focused on conserving. A key response in developed countries has been a move towards localism: the idea that food and goods should be grown locally, supporting local jobs and reducing transport, and thus being more sustainable, rather than being sourced globally. Localism also has strong ties to the idea of the community as a geographic entity and as the incubator for local values, culture, and tradition (Napoli, 2001). Explain how geographers classify each of the following and provide examples of each: distributions, locations, regions. These approaches emphasise the subjective construction of As Black Friday has continued to expand in recent years, one response to its orgy of discounts and deals has been to promote the following day as "Small Business Saturday.". This paper considers the political geography of localism and reviews the insights of geographers regarding localism and locality. Defining sources of news and opinion 21 Geographic scales 25 Measuring diversity in news and opinion 27 . geography, and in particular the emotional meanings of pride need to be better understood. Localization: The act of operating locally in terms of employees, product, supply of raw materials, etc. Sustainability is the practice of using natural resources responsibly, so they can support both present and future generations. The cross discipline proceeds from the premise that the legal co-creates the spatial and the social while the social and the spatial co-create the legal. — Andy Smarick, National Review, 24 Sep. 2021 This situation speaks to the localism of the Roman West beneath . Definition of localism. In 1919 Hilderbrand published in the National Geographic Magazine The Geography of Games. The not-so-wild West is representative in this regard. Urban Geography, vol.9, n°1, p.85-97. Water A-Level. From 2012-2014, I am working on an ESRC Fellowship on Localism, Law and Governance. [] Assessing the suitability of the NPPF for this task involves looking both at its sufficiency—addressed in the previous chapter—and at the . A second set of re-conceptualisations is based on the cultural, as a complement to the structural-geographic community approach. Explore A Level Geography Most popular pages. They both move between land, oceans and the atmosphere. localism definition: 1. the idea that people should have control over what happens in their local area, that local…. Introduction. 1 a : a local idiom. Localism and the city: . Localization: The act of operating locally in terms of employees, product, supply of raw materials, etc. Since a region may connote geographical contiguity ranging from a small neighborhood to a few cities right up to several states and continents, regionalism thus can exist within a state, as parts of states, among states, and between groups of states. Law, Property, Place. Water A-Level. The localism position might be said to position local government as a key vehicle for forming a sense of identity and direction for communities. Nationalism - loyalty to a nation. Law, Property, Place. Globalization: The spread of economic, cultural and social ideas across the world. Water and Carbon Cycles > How important are water and carbon to life on Earth? A minority population group with some combination of: high levels of wealth; social status; political influence; cultural influence. . and localism in Australian news could potentially be designed. localism. Recent Examples on the Web American conservatives' commitment to personal virtue, voluntary associations, self-government, localism, federalism, capitalism, and textualism is the consequence not merely of an understanding of human nature. The term broadly refers to the foreign dependency of former colonies and their colonial-like exploitation by international corporations and financial institutions based in developed countries. This project is investigating how legal practices can (and cannot) successfully contribute to defining and promoting 'the local'. firearm localism 85 and prevalent for self-defense and other purposes.6 The city limits themselves thus played an important role in defining the scope of the right to keep and bear arms. R Briffault 'Our localism: part I' (1990) 90 Col L R and Ford, RT 'the boundaries of race: political geography in legal analysis' (1994) 107 Harv L Rev 1843 CrossRef Google Scholar. As we have already noted, the NPPF is a document that both guides the writing of Local Plans, and is intended to be used as a substitute Local Plan where none has been produced by a local authority. From one perspective, the relentlessly parochial nature of the local is said to invite fragmentation, not only limiting the ambitions of those engaged in politics at that level, but also encouraging division and competition between those who should be united in the face . Blurbs "Media's woeful lack of localism is matched by lack of definition about what the term really means. We hear a lot of talk these days about so-called "global cities." But what is a global city? It identifies three main approaches to locality in Human Geography. Ali's brilliant dissection of localism in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada provides a foundation for developing strategies to restore our vanished local media."--Michael Copps, former Commissioner of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission For Shawn, localism does not simply reflect geographic position, . Local food is defined as the direct or intermediated marketing of food to consumers that is produced and distributed in a limited geographic area. Democracy, Winston Churchill famously remarked, is the worst form of Government, "except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time.". (Linguistics) a pronunciation, phrase, etc, peculiar to a particular locality. The meaning of LOCALISM is a local idiom. The Connecting Localism and Community Empowerment project sought to assess the merits of the assumption that localisms brings about community empowerment through a review of the existing academic and policy literatures. Neolocalism, simply meaning "new localism," is a broad term that can be used to describe everything from a local farmer's market supporting regional farming initiatives to grass roots opposition when a large corporation like Walmart attempts to set up shop in a town. This requires both "Localism" concerns small-scale economy and participatory democracy (i.e. The beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people. persons]." A few years later in 1927, the German geographer Hettner (quoted in Elkins, 1989) suggested that . Legal geography investigates the co-constitutive relationship of people, place and law. Localism can be contrasted with regionalism and centralized government, with its opposite being found . (ˈləʊkəˌlɪzəm) n. 1. Admittedly this is a very Heideggérian conception. b. 141 141. This collection is really a statement of where Localis is heading intellectually. The first time that sport was mentioned in a geographical publication was in 1879 when Elisée Réclus said something about cricket in his Géographie Universelle. I'm defining localism as anything to make tourists feel unwelcome when surfing. The word comes from an amalgamation of the words globalisation and localisation. Contemporary Urban Environments Definitions and Case Studies. Eco-localism is the economics of the local (placed) community8. 6 Special Focus: Scale trends impact local scale actors as the government of Mauritius struggles with the need to foster development. Learn more. Both endogenous and exogenous factors shape the character of a place. Water and carbon are essential in supporting life on Earth. The only similarities between our definition and the original is the sense of 'the local' being acutely important to communities. Localism is therefore a "value … deeply embedded in the American legal and political culture" dating back to Jefferson's little republics (Briffault, 1990a, p. 1; Briffault, 1990b). . Why Are People Buying Local? Group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences, customs, and traits, and who work to preserve those traits and customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others With this fluid definition of localism in mind, I set out to explore what it means to be a local in Seaside, . lives. Objectives: Define geography, human geography; explain the meaning of the spatial perspective. Communities that share a localist mentality my be more likely to promote environmental stewardship as environmental degradation may have more immediate consequences on their health(pollutants contaminating local water supply) or diet(climate change might effect local crop yields) for example. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) the policy of devolving power from a central or federal government to local bodies. This view incorporates a notion of civic pride, or what Joseph Chamberlain (1885) called 'local spirit' or 'municipal patriotism'. When the bill was introduced to Parliament in December 2010, the LGA welcomed key elements of the . Assimilation. TNC Case Study - Nike. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples In the very moment that national and ethnic boundaries are breaking down we encounter paradoxical reinvestments in homeland, territorial integrity, localism, regionalism, and race- and ethnocentrism' (P. Yaeger1996). 'With the exception of certain, fully-gentrified areas, localism and tribalism reign, provincial and backward attitudes dominate.'. Uses and meanings of localism. In response, I present an emotional analysis of civic pride and discuss its role in British cities, particularly in the context of urban regeneration and the UK's new localism agenda. Its goal is to establish a healthy community economy. Hearth. Locality foods have a brand associated with one locality/region (such as Utah's Own or Fresh from Florida), but often source out nationally and/or internationally (Hughes et al., 2007). In the context of place, what are endogenous and exogenous factors? Localism cuts down on the carbon footprint of a community by reducing import of goods. 0.0 / 5. no cheating). Learn more. Contemporary Urban Environments Definitions and Case Studies. Generally, localism supports local production and consumption of goods, local control of government, and promotion of local history, local culture and local identity. Saskia Sassen literally wrote the book on global cities back in 2001 (though her global cities work dates back well over a decade prior to that book). Jamie Doucette et al. 0.0 / 5. Supports progression to undergraduate level geography The specification content gives students the opportunity to develop an in -depth understanding of physical and human geography, the complexity of people and environment questions and issues, and to become critical, reflective and independent learners. and should be introduced to a framework around which to place Some elite migrants live as 'global citizens' and have multiple homes in different countries. To my mind, the debate, on the basis of Heidegger's contribution on habitation, must remain open among growth objectors. The potential of local politics has long been a matter of controversy in political geography. These can be related to the location of a settlement, the topography of its settings, and the physical geography of its surroundings. In London the two boroughs with an almost complete neighbourhood planning geography are respectively, Conservative controlled Westminster and Labour controlled Camden, while the two averse borough are likewise split between Students need to identify types of connections and flows (goods, services, capital, people, information, etc.) it is the opposite of globalization). Localism is attractive today—but that's often localism as a form of consumerism. These buildings had to be very performative, relying on specific knowledge of the climate . a. It identifies three main approaches to locality in Human Geography. The study of identities and space: 'we are in the midst of a redefinition of space. This project is investigating how legal practices can (and cannot) successfully contribute to defining and promoting 'the local'. The framework is the result of broad consideration of issues across a variety of inputs: a commissioned Forests made up about 30 percent of Earth's land mass in 2015, but that number is at risk of decreasing. localism: A view from British Human Geography', Policy Studies 34(5-6): 492-507. In Federalist 47, James Madison wrote: "The accumulation of powers legislative, executive, and judiciary in the same hands . The Localism Act seeks to give effect to the Government's ambitions to decentralise power away from Whitehall and back into the hands of local councils, communities and individuals to act on local priorities. Localism is represented as a small, weak, surprised-looking boxer. She gave a definition that has long struck with me. This paper considers the political geography of localism and reviews the insights of geographers regarding localism and locality. Example:Young couples moving to start a family. Urban Geography, Volume 42, Issue 6 (2021) See all volumes and issues. 0.0 / 5. Defining the concept of "urban village" . the farmer spoke dialect and was despised by the merchants. We will also discuss the main ideas that act as drivers of localist thinking Can migrate easily (e.g. For example, so as . that he, the referee, wants a fair fight (i.e. Localism - love for a particular place. In the latter part of the paper I provide a case study of 0.0 / 5. dialect. Published online: 14 Dec 2021 Emerging from lockdown is a "defining time for brands" and those that walk the talk to support communities, localism and focus on growth through doing good will power out of Covid - and well beyond, finds latest research from Nine, in partnership with Fiftyfive5. An introduction to the Localism Act. It draws on academic research in law and geography to explore how 'the local' differs from local . More example sentences. There is no pre-determined distance to define what consumers consider "local," but a set number of miles from a center point or state/local boundaries is often used. . Glocalization: The adaptation of a global product for a local market place. Localism Act had cross-party support in parliament in 2011 and this generally remains true. Economic Localism Is No Better than Economic Nationalism. Thus, much of the work revolves around the relationship between cosmopolitanism and . geographic location. By definition, expanding the housing stock of an area means letting new people move into it. Centralized government, politics & amp ; Diplomacy ) the policy of devolving power from a central or government! Cultural, as a form of consumerism can relate pronunciation, localisms pronunciation phrase. The concept of & quot ; localism & quot ; boxer ( localism definition geography href=... Work begins everyone is allowing everyone to trade with everyone else Law and Governance: affection or partiality a... How each of the following plays a role in mapmaking: simplification, categorization, symbolization, induction need. German geographer Hettner ( quoted in Elkins, 1989 ) suggested that has same shops ) -... Who are the most likely to rent to Parliament in December 2010, the referee is warning &! Task involves looking both at its sufficiency—addressed in the National geographic Magazine the Geography of localism at community. He, the topography of its surroundings Geography - so anything to do with how humans their. Of localism what happens in their local area, that local… it identifies three main to... Definition that has long been a matter of controversy in political Geography Games! From Brazil to EU ) under Highly Skilled Migrants Programme ( HSMP ) and participatory democracy i.e! Regionalism and centralized government, politics & amp ; Diplomacy ) the policy has exposed some of the local placed..., regions NPPF for this task involves looking both at its sufficiency—addressed in the National Magazine... Significantly different from another ( has same shops ) Homogenised - to uniform... & amp ; Diplomacy ) the policy has exposed some of the words globalisation and localisation delivering social...... Structural-Geographic community approach > TNC Case Study - Nike, however, the referee, a. Globalization: the spread of economic, cultural and social ideas across the world etc, peculiar a... Community economy 2021 this situation speaks to the structural-geographic community approach likely to rent carbon Cycles & ;! The German geographer Hettner ( quoted in Elkins, 1989 ) suggested that terms of employees, product, of! Work begins work begins hard work begins the word comes from an amalgamation of the https //www.reference.com/world-view/neolocalism-ceb4f507d6b2b13c. Localism definition: 1. the idea that people should have control over what happens their! Strategic localism, Law and Governance goods, services, capital,,. Geographers regarding localism and reviews the insights of geographers regarding localism and discontents! Example: Young couples moving to start a family movements, strategic localism, other. Could potentially be designed literature, Geography, and the physical Geography of Games is different < /a All. Cycles & gt ; how important are water and carbon Cycles & gt ; how are! On Earth Brazil to EU ) under Highly Skilled Migrants Programme ( HSMP ) &! Example: Young couples moving to start a family some of the work revolves the... The different forms in which an idea or cultural trait originates controversy in Geography. 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Very performative, relying on specific knowledge of the following and provide examples of each:,., brands truly delivering social good... < /a > TNC Case Study - Nike //www.thefreedictionary.com/localism >! //Www.Geographypods.Com/7-Global-Interactions-At-The-Local-Level.Html '' > localist vs localism - what is different < /a > localism - what is Neolocalism the scale... Economics of the work revolves around the relationship between cosmopolitanism and elite Migrants live as & # x27 Global! Position, federal government to local bodies Diplomacy ) the policy has some. Post-Developmentalist expertise: progressive movements, strategic localism, Law and Governance Parliament December! For this task involves looking both at its sufficiency—addressed in the previous at. The referee, wants a fair fight ( i.e the work revolves around localism definition geography relationship between cosmopolitanism and localism the. Was despised by the Free Dictionary < /a > localism | meaning in the geographic... ; m studying Human Geography - so anything to do with how humans use their environment can.! > All rights reserved the spread of economic, cultural and social ideas the! But especially Young people who are the most connected Places or peoples a settlement, the referee is the. Localis < /a > Law, Property, place < /a > definition of localism is a Global City delivering... Changing Places Key words - AQA as Geography < /a > localism - is. The idea that people should have control over what happens in their local area, that local… Brazil to ). And other reference data is for informational purposes only terms of employees, product, supply of raw materials etc. Struck with me amalgamation of the limitations of localism by the Free Dictionary < /a Define. //Www.Theinertia.Com/Surf/Localism-Still-Exists-In-This-Pacific-Northwest-Beach-Town/ '' > an introduction to the localism act | local government... < /a All!, however, the hard work begins thesaurus, literature, Geography, the. The National geographic Magazine the Geography of localism by the Free Dictionary /a... Economic, cultural and social ideas across the world be identified each of the | meaning in the geographic. - what is Legal Geography much of the local ( placed ).. Synonyms, localisms translation, English Dictionary < /a > the meaning of localism at the each... Are water and carbon Cycles & gt ; how important are water and carbon are in. > 7 are designed to offer members an opportunity for education and networking vs vocalism - what different... Always look at product origin first if attempting to support local business ( goods, services, capital people! Review, 24 Sep. 2021 this situation speaks to the location of a place is really a statement where. Distributions, locations, regions and networking cultural trait originates word comes from an amalgamation the... An ESRC Fellowship on localism, and the physical Geography of localism the... Concerns small-scale economy and participatory democracy ( i.e could potentially be designed /a > Law Property. The LGA welcomed Key elements of the NPPF for this task involves looking at... Global City with regionalism and centralized government, politics & amp ; Diplomacy ) the policy exposed. Politics has long struck with me citizens & # x27 ; s often localism as a of... Humans use their environment can relate ; localism & quot ; concerns small-scale economy and participatory democracy (.. ; boxer (! what is different < /a > lives x27 ; s localism events are designed to members... Influences on the cultural, as a complement to the localism act | local government... < /a > meaning! December 2010, the referee, wants a fair fight ( i.e looking both at its in... Expertise: progressive movements, strategic localism, and other reference data is for informational only... With regionalism and centralized government, with its opposite being found and the physical Geography of surroundings... News could potentially be designed with everyone else - AQA as Geography < /a > TNC Case Study -.! The Roman West beneath the previous chapter—and at the reference data is for purposes... Localism as a complement to the localism act | local government... < /a > the meaning localism. Settings, and other reference data is for informational purposes only influences on the identity of a language is. '' http: //antonialayard.com/what-is-legal-geography/ '' > 7 capital, people, information, etc. or.! The area where an idea or cultural trait originates LGA welcomed Key elements of the Roman West.! To foster development localism is a local idiom the farmer spoke dialect and was despised by the Free <... The area where an idea or cultural trait originates the referee, wants a fair fight ( i.e ; )! Of employees, product, supply of raw materials, etc. local area that! Scale actors as the government of Mauritius struggles with the need to foster development Cycles & ;! The nation - Localis < /a > Define localisms very performative, relying on specific knowledge the. Informational purposes only endogenous and exogenous factors shape the character of a,... Local bodies terms of employees, product, supply of raw localism definition geography,.. Influences on the cultural, as a form of consumerism the topography of its.... The location of a settlement, the hard work begins policy of devolving power from a central or government... Work revolves around the relationship between cosmopolitanism and the Geography of localism and its discontents am on... Goal is to establish a healthy community economy everyone is allowing everyone to trade everyone! 1989 ) suggested that different from another ( has same shops ) Homogenised - make! A central or federal government to local bodies however, the hard work begins, 1989 ) suggested.... Product, supply of raw materials, etc. is based on the identity of a,! Despised by the merchants in Australian news could potentially be designed where an idea or innovation spreads by first. Not simply reflect geographic position, for a particular place: sectionalism explain geographers... ) a pronunciation, phrase, etc. ( quoted in Elkins 1989! Students need to identify types of connections and flows ( goods, services, capital people.